Whitepaper: Satellite-Based Leak Detection

Water utilities are under increasing pressure to reduce non-revenue water (NRW) while contending with aging infrastructure, constrained budgets, and limited staff resources. With up to 30% of treated water being lost globally, the need for large-scale, proactive leak detection has never been greater. Advances in remote sensing have introduced satellite-based leak detection as a tool for identifying potential leaks across large distribution systems. One leading approach leverages L-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) combined with data analytics to detect subsurface potable water up to 10 feet underground. While satellite technology enables large-scale coverage, effectiveness depends on accurate data processing, environmental interpretation, and integration with existing utility processes. This whitepaper outlines the principles of satellite-based leak detection, its capabilities and limitations, and its role within a comprehensive water loss management program.